Vidas: Hi guys, this is Vidas.
Ausra: And Ausra.
V: Let’s start Episode #273 of #Secrets of Organ Playing podcast. This question was sent by Paul. He writes:
Would you please rate the top 10 most popular organ toccatas in difficulty? Which is easiest? I'm sure everyone would love to know! Thank you for your blog.
My top 8 organ toccatas that I like are: 1. By Pachelbel D Major (from Toccata and Fugue) 2. BWV 912 3. By Thedore Dubois G Major 4. By Boellmann Suite Gothique 5. BWV 538 D minor Dorian 6. By Gigout in B Minor 7. By Widor 6th symphony 8. Bach's D minor BWV 565. Nine and ten I will leave to you as I'm sure there are many organ toccatas I don't know exist.
Would you please put these in order of difficulty?
Thank you for all you and your wife do.
Sincerely,
Paul
So Ausra, these are all very famous pieces, right?
A: True. And we could expand this list--probably not to 10, but to a little bit more toccatas, because if we are talking about Bach, we definitely have to add the C Major Toccata, and the F Major Toccata, and E Major Toccata.
V: And then, he writes, d minor Dorian and d minor…
A: Yes, both d minors, yes. And then of course, we need to look at the other toccatas, such as Duruflé toccatas from the Suite.
V: Mhm.
A: What else would you like to add to this list?
V: He says that are toccata-like, but are not necessarily entitled like toccata. For example, Dieu Parmi Nous, by Messiaen, from La Nativité du Seigneur. What about Henri Mulet--Tu es Petrus?
A: Yes, this also...could be considered a toccata.
V: Of course, they’re really advanced, and probably belong to the ending of this list, too. But from the list that Paul wrote, probably Pachelbel would be suitable for starters.
A: Yes.
V: Mhm.
A: What about Dubois, could be…?
V: Dubois is one of these ones from the French school. Dubois probably is easier even than the Böellmann, I think.
A: I think so, yes. I think so too, I agree.
V: But to me, Gigout is easier than Dorian Toccata.
A: I would say so.
V: Mhm. So maybe I would put Gigout as number 5, and then Dorian as number 6. Would you agree…?
A: Yes, I agree.
V: Of course Bach’s d minor Toccata shouldn’t come after Widor’s Toccata.
A: Sure.
V: So maybe...maybe Bach’s d minor Toccata (BWV) 565 would go...Oh, this is with the Fugue, right? So it could go probably…
A: Well, if it’s with a fugue, then it’s much harder. But maybe we just talk about toccatas now, and not necessarily fugues.
V: Before Dorian, here, right? What do you mean?
A: Yes, probably d minor Toccata--the famous d minor Toccata by J. S. Bach--I think is a little bit easier than Dorian Toccata.
V: Mhm.
A: Because that Dorian Toccata has that motoric drive throughout the entire piece, and it might be difficult especially for a beginner to play.
V: This is an advanced-level piece.
A: True.
V: Dieu Parmi Nous, by Messiaen, could go maybe...to number 9? Right, and Duruflé’s Toccata could go afterwards.
A: Oh, definitely. I think it’s probably the hardest toccata, or one of the hardest toccatas for organ.
V: Or one of the most. Depending on who’s playing.
A: True, true.
V: Henri Mulet’s “Tu es Petrus” maybe is on the same level, too--on a similar difficulty level. Of course there are toccatas written by Italian masters from Renaissance and early Baroque, but we don’t necessarily need to include them here.
A: True.
V: And Muffat wrote a lot of Toccatas.
A: That’s right.
V: Mhm.
A: --That are organized for a church organist, because they are all sectional pieces, so you can finish them whenever you want. So they are very practical for a church service.
V: Although early music toccatas have virtuosic elements, they’re different from French style toccatas, right?
A: That’s right. Very different, very different.
V: In which way?
A: They are actually shorter--have not so many fast passages; and you could have also pieces like “Toccata per l’elevazione,” that are in a completely different character.
V: Very slow.
A: Very slow and meditative.
V: Why is it called Toccata then, if it’s nothing like Widor’s Toccata?
A: I think it’s because “toccata” in general means “to touch”--to touch the keyboard. So there are different ways how you can touch that keyboard.
V: Oh, Italians have 3 terms, right--like toccata, sonata, and cantata. So cantata comes from the word cantare--
A: “Sing.”
V: Right, “sing.” So it’s a singing composition--vocal composition. And sonata comes from the word sonare, which means to sound. And to sound means to play an instrument, in general, right, as opposed to vocal music. But toccata simply means keyboard music composition.
A: Yes, because it comes from the Italian word tocare, which means to touch, and it applies to the keyboard compositions.
V: And in early music up until probably Romantic period, composers created toccatas in sectional ways, right? Free, strict, free, strict, free. By free I mean improvisatory passages where you would improvise on the keyboard instrument, trying out different keys and diminutions and scaler passages in both hands in alternate motion. I think then comes strict section after that. What is “strict”?
A: It usually uses some fugal elements, some imitations.
V: Right.
A: So that’s polyphonic technique.
V: It comes from ricercar.
A: That’s right, or canzona.
V: Mhm.
A: And if you would think about Buxtehude’s Praeludium, I think you could I think safely call them toccatas, too, because they have all those features that early toccatas have. Strict and free episodes alternating between themselves.
V: Right. And you could have 5 or even 7 episodes like that in stilus fantasticus: free, strict, free, strict, free--that would be 5; and if you add 2 more, you could have a 7-sectional praeludium or toccata, like Buxtehude did with 3 fugues.
A: That’s right. Then don’t you think that most of the final movements let’s say of Vierne’s symphonies could be called Toccatas, too?
V: Obviously, yes. Probably one of the more famous is Finale from the First Symphony; this is also an advanced composition, it should go to the end of the list.
A: But easier than Durufle’s toccata, yes?
V: Easier, yeah, yes. Umm, what about the Third Symphony?
A: That’s right, this also could be called Toccata. Although it’s called Finale, but...but you know, the character is toccata-like; it’s a fast, virtuosic, very effective piece.
V: In my mind, I think the main difference between toccata and finale is the number of themes the composer sometimes uses. In Finale, they use sonata-allegro form, and they need at least 2 themes for that.
A: But Vierne uses it; Widor not necessarily.
V: Right.
A: I think Widor’s forms are written a little bit different forms than Vierne’s. Vierne’s pieces are very classical, in terms of form.
V: Mhm.
A: And Widor is sort of a little bit more free.
V: Yeah, he experimented more with form, and his forms are less predictable. So it’s no surprise Widor titled his toccata as Toccata, but not as Finale, right, because it’s not in sonata-allegro form. Excellent. Anything else you want to add?
A: Well...We could discuss about toccatas, I think, till the night would come! It’s a very broad topic!
V: “Till the cows come home”!
A: True!
V: Right? Thank you guys for listening, and enjoy playing those wonderful toccatas, we have some of the scores with fingering and pedaling for you to save a lot of hours and frustrations. And you can pick and choose from that; and as time goes by, we will be creating more scores for you, too. So stay tuned. This was Vidas.
A: And Ausra.
V: And remember, when you practice…
A: Miracles happen.
Ausra: And Ausra.
V: Let’s start Episode #273 of #Secrets of Organ Playing podcast. This question was sent by Paul. He writes:
Would you please rate the top 10 most popular organ toccatas in difficulty? Which is easiest? I'm sure everyone would love to know! Thank you for your blog.
My top 8 organ toccatas that I like are: 1. By Pachelbel D Major (from Toccata and Fugue) 2. BWV 912 3. By Thedore Dubois G Major 4. By Boellmann Suite Gothique 5. BWV 538 D minor Dorian 6. By Gigout in B Minor 7. By Widor 6th symphony 8. Bach's D minor BWV 565. Nine and ten I will leave to you as I'm sure there are many organ toccatas I don't know exist.
Would you please put these in order of difficulty?
Thank you for all you and your wife do.
Sincerely,
Paul
So Ausra, these are all very famous pieces, right?
A: True. And we could expand this list--probably not to 10, but to a little bit more toccatas, because if we are talking about Bach, we definitely have to add the C Major Toccata, and the F Major Toccata, and E Major Toccata.
V: And then, he writes, d minor Dorian and d minor…
A: Yes, both d minors, yes. And then of course, we need to look at the other toccatas, such as Duruflé toccatas from the Suite.
V: Mhm.
A: What else would you like to add to this list?
V: He says that are toccata-like, but are not necessarily entitled like toccata. For example, Dieu Parmi Nous, by Messiaen, from La Nativité du Seigneur. What about Henri Mulet--Tu es Petrus?
A: Yes, this also...could be considered a toccata.
V: Of course, they’re really advanced, and probably belong to the ending of this list, too. But from the list that Paul wrote, probably Pachelbel would be suitable for starters.
A: Yes.
V: Mhm.
A: What about Dubois, could be…?
V: Dubois is one of these ones from the French school. Dubois probably is easier even than the Böellmann, I think.
A: I think so, yes. I think so too, I agree.
V: But to me, Gigout is easier than Dorian Toccata.
A: I would say so.
V: Mhm. So maybe I would put Gigout as number 5, and then Dorian as number 6. Would you agree…?
A: Yes, I agree.
V: Of course Bach’s d minor Toccata shouldn’t come after Widor’s Toccata.
A: Sure.
V: So maybe...maybe Bach’s d minor Toccata (BWV) 565 would go...Oh, this is with the Fugue, right? So it could go probably…
A: Well, if it’s with a fugue, then it’s much harder. But maybe we just talk about toccatas now, and not necessarily fugues.
V: Before Dorian, here, right? What do you mean?
A: Yes, probably d minor Toccata--the famous d minor Toccata by J. S. Bach--I think is a little bit easier than Dorian Toccata.
V: Mhm.
A: Because that Dorian Toccata has that motoric drive throughout the entire piece, and it might be difficult especially for a beginner to play.
V: This is an advanced-level piece.
A: True.
V: Dieu Parmi Nous, by Messiaen, could go maybe...to number 9? Right, and Duruflé’s Toccata could go afterwards.
A: Oh, definitely. I think it’s probably the hardest toccata, or one of the hardest toccatas for organ.
V: Or one of the most. Depending on who’s playing.
A: True, true.
V: Henri Mulet’s “Tu es Petrus” maybe is on the same level, too--on a similar difficulty level. Of course there are toccatas written by Italian masters from Renaissance and early Baroque, but we don’t necessarily need to include them here.
A: True.
V: And Muffat wrote a lot of Toccatas.
A: That’s right.
V: Mhm.
A: --That are organized for a church organist, because they are all sectional pieces, so you can finish them whenever you want. So they are very practical for a church service.
V: Although early music toccatas have virtuosic elements, they’re different from French style toccatas, right?
A: That’s right. Very different, very different.
V: In which way?
A: They are actually shorter--have not so many fast passages; and you could have also pieces like “Toccata per l’elevazione,” that are in a completely different character.
V: Very slow.
A: Very slow and meditative.
V: Why is it called Toccata then, if it’s nothing like Widor’s Toccata?
A: I think it’s because “toccata” in general means “to touch”--to touch the keyboard. So there are different ways how you can touch that keyboard.
V: Oh, Italians have 3 terms, right--like toccata, sonata, and cantata. So cantata comes from the word cantare--
A: “Sing.”
V: Right, “sing.” So it’s a singing composition--vocal composition. And sonata comes from the word sonare, which means to sound. And to sound means to play an instrument, in general, right, as opposed to vocal music. But toccata simply means keyboard music composition.
A: Yes, because it comes from the Italian word tocare, which means to touch, and it applies to the keyboard compositions.
V: And in early music up until probably Romantic period, composers created toccatas in sectional ways, right? Free, strict, free, strict, free. By free I mean improvisatory passages where you would improvise on the keyboard instrument, trying out different keys and diminutions and scaler passages in both hands in alternate motion. I think then comes strict section after that. What is “strict”?
A: It usually uses some fugal elements, some imitations.
V: Right.
A: So that’s polyphonic technique.
V: It comes from ricercar.
A: That’s right, or canzona.
V: Mhm.
A: And if you would think about Buxtehude’s Praeludium, I think you could I think safely call them toccatas, too, because they have all those features that early toccatas have. Strict and free episodes alternating between themselves.
V: Right. And you could have 5 or even 7 episodes like that in stilus fantasticus: free, strict, free, strict, free--that would be 5; and if you add 2 more, you could have a 7-sectional praeludium or toccata, like Buxtehude did with 3 fugues.
A: That’s right. Then don’t you think that most of the final movements let’s say of Vierne’s symphonies could be called Toccatas, too?
V: Obviously, yes. Probably one of the more famous is Finale from the First Symphony; this is also an advanced composition, it should go to the end of the list.
A: But easier than Durufle’s toccata, yes?
V: Easier, yeah, yes. Umm, what about the Third Symphony?
A: That’s right, this also could be called Toccata. Although it’s called Finale, but...but you know, the character is toccata-like; it’s a fast, virtuosic, very effective piece.
V: In my mind, I think the main difference between toccata and finale is the number of themes the composer sometimes uses. In Finale, they use sonata-allegro form, and they need at least 2 themes for that.
A: But Vierne uses it; Widor not necessarily.
V: Right.
A: I think Widor’s forms are written a little bit different forms than Vierne’s. Vierne’s pieces are very classical, in terms of form.
V: Mhm.
A: And Widor is sort of a little bit more free.
V: Yeah, he experimented more with form, and his forms are less predictable. So it’s no surprise Widor titled his toccata as Toccata, but not as Finale, right, because it’s not in sonata-allegro form. Excellent. Anything else you want to add?
A: Well...We could discuss about toccatas, I think, till the night would come! It’s a very broad topic!
V: “Till the cows come home”!
A: True!
V: Right? Thank you guys for listening, and enjoy playing those wonderful toccatas, we have some of the scores with fingering and pedaling for you to save a lot of hours and frustrations. And you can pick and choose from that; and as time goes by, we will be creating more scores for you, too. So stay tuned. This was Vidas.
A: And Ausra.
V: And remember, when you practice…
A: Miracles happen.
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